Under FIFRA, who may use restricted-use pesticides?

• A. Only licensed professionals.
• B. Any individual who purchases restricted-use pesticides.
• C. Over-the-counter users.
• D. Only by certified applicator or under direct supervision of one.

Answer: (D)

Restricted-use pesticides require special training and certification because of their higher risks. Under FIFRA, they may be used only by someone who is a certified applicator or by someone who is directly supervised by a certified applicator. Direct supervision means the certified applicator is on-site and responsible for the application, guiding the user and ensuring the label directions and safety measures are followed. This setup ensures proper handling, protective equipment, and adherence to regulations. The other options don’t fit because simply purchasing or being an over-the-counter user does not grant the authority to apply restricted-use products, and licensing alone isn’t the same as having certification to apply these pesticides.